add chinese for pages.cn/linux/add-apt-respository.md

pages.cn/linux/add-apt-repository.md

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+# add-apt-repository
+
+> apt仓库管理.
+
+- 添加一个新的apt仓库:
+
+`add-apt-repository {{repository_spec}}`
+
+- 移除一个apt仓库:
+
+`add-apt-repository --remove {{repository_spec}}`
+
+- 添加一个仓库并更新缓存:
+
+`add-apt-repository --update {{repository_spec}}`
+
+- 允许从指定仓库下载源码:
+
+`add-apt-repository --enable-source {{repository_spec}}`

pages.cn/linux/adduser.md

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+# adduser
+
+> User addition utility.
+
+- Create a new user with a default home directory and prompt the user to set a password:
+
+`adduser {{username}}`
+
+- Create a new user without a home directory:
+
+`adduser --no-create-home {{username}}`
+
+- Create a new user with a home directory at the specified path:
+
+`adduser --home {{path/to/home}} {{username}}`
+
+- Create a new user with the specified shell set as the login shell:
+
+`adduser --shell {{path/to/shell}} {{username}}`
+
+- Create a new user belonging to the specified group:
+
+`adduser --ingroup {{group}} {{username}}`

pages.cn/linux/alpine.md

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+# alpine
+
+> An email client and Usenet newsgroup program with a pico/nano-inspired interface.
+> Supports most modern email services through IMAP.
+
+- Open alpine normally:
+
+`alpine`
+
+- Open alpine directly to the message composition screen to send an email to a given email address:
+
+`alpine {{email@example.net}}`
+
+- Quit alpine:
+
+`'q' then 'y'`

pages.cn/linux/apache2ctl.md

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+# apache2ctl
+
+> The CLI tool to administrate HTTP web server Apache.
+> This commmand comes with Debian based OSes, for RHEL based ones see `httpd`.
+
+- Start the Apache daemon. Throw a message if it is already running:
+
+`sudo apache2ctl start`
+
+- Stop the Apache daemon:
+
+`sudo apache2ctl stop`
+
+- Restart the Apache daemon:
+
+`sudo apache2ctl restart`
+
+- Test syntax of the configuration file:
+
+`sudo apache2ctl -t`
+
+- List loaded modules:
+
+`sudo apache2ctl -M`

pages.cn/linux/apk.md

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+# apk
+
+> Alpine Linux package management tool.
+
+- Update repository indexes from all remote repositories:
+
+`apk update`
+
+- Install a new package:
+
+`apk add {{package}}`
+
+- Remove a package:
+
+`apk del {{package}}`
+
+- Repair package or upgrade it without modifying main dependencies:
+
+`apk fix {{package}}`
+
+- Search package via keyword:
+
+`apk search {{keyword}}`
+
+- Get info about a specific package:
+
+`apk info {{package}}`

pages.cn/linux/apt-cache.md

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+# apt-cache
+
+> Debian and Ubuntu package query tool.
+
+- Search for a package in your current sources:
+
+`apt-cache search {{query}}`
+
+- Show information about a package:
+
+`apt-cache show {{package}}`
+
+- Show whether a package is installed and up to date:
+
+`apt-cache policy {{package}}`
+
+- Show dependencies for a package:
+
+`apt-cache depends {{package}}`
+
+- Show packages that depend on a particular package:
+
+`apt-cache rdepends {{package}}`

pages.cn/linux/apt-file.md

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+# apt-file
+
+> Search for files in apt packages, including ones not yet installed.
+
+- Update the metadata database:
+
+`sudo apt update`
+
+- Search for packages that contain the specified file or path:
+
+`apt-file search {{part/of/filename}}`
+
+- List the contents of a specific package:
+
+`apt-file list {{package_name}}`

pages.cn/linux/apt-get.md

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+# apt-get
+
+> Debian and Ubuntu package management utility.
+> Search for packages using `apt-cache`.
+
+- Update the list of available packages and versions (it's recommended to run this before other `apt-get` commands):
+
+`apt-get update`
+
+- Install a package, or update it to the latest available version:
+
+`apt-get install {{package}}`
+
+- Remove a package:
+
+`apt-get remove {{package}}`
+
+- Upgrade all installed packages to their newest available versions:
+
+`apt-get upgrade`
+
+- Remove all packages that are no longer needed:
+
+`apt-get autoremove`
+
+- Upgrade installed packages (like `upgrade`), but remove obsolete packages and install additional packages to meet new dependencies:
+
+`apt-get dist-upgrade`

pages.cn/linux/apt-key.md

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+# apt-key
+
+> Key management utility for the APT Package Manager on Debian and Ubuntu.
+
+- List trusted keys:
+
+`apt-key list`
+
+- Add a key to the trusted keystore:
+
+`apt-key add {{public_key_file.asc}}`
+
+- Delete a key from the trusted keystore:
+
+`apt-key del {{key_id}}`
+
+- Add a remote key to the trusted keystore:
+
+`wget -qO - {{https://host.tld/filename.key}} | apt-key add -`
+
+- Add a key from keyserver with only key id:
+
+`apt-key adv --keyserver {{pgp.mit.edu}} --recv {{KEYID}}`

pages.cn/linux/apt-mark.md

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+# apt-mark
+
+> Utility to change the status of installed packages.
+
+- Mark a package as automatically installed:
+
+`sudo apt-mark auto {{package_name}}`
+
+- Hold a package at its current version and prevent updates to it:
+
+`sudo apt-mark hold {{package_name}}`
+
+- Allow a package to be updated again:
+
+`sudo apt-mark unhold {{package_name}}`
+
+- Show manually installed packages:
+
+`apt-mark showmanual`
+
+- Show held packages that aren't being updated:
+
+`apt-mark showhold`

pages.cn/linux/apt.md

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+# apt
+
+> Package management utility for Debian based distributions.
+
+- Update the list of available packages and versions (it's recommended to run this before other `apt` commands):
+
+`sudo apt update`
+
+- Search for a given package:
+
+`apt search {{package}}`
+
+- Show information for a package:
+
+`apt show {{package}}`
+
+- Install a package, or update it to the latest available version:
+
+`sudo apt install {{package}}`
+
+- Remove a package (using `purge` instead also removes its configuration files):
+
+`sudo apt remove {{package}}`
+
+- Upgrade all installed packages to their newest available versions:
+
+`sudo apt upgrade`

pages.cn/linux/aptitude.md

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+# aptitude
+
+> Debian and Ubuntu package management utility.
+
+- Synchronize list of packages and versions available. This should be run first, before running subsequent aptitude commands:
+
+`aptitude update`
+
+- Install a new package and its dependencies:
+
+`aptitude install {{package}}`
+
+- Search for a package:
+
+`aptitude search {{package}}`
+
+- Remove a package and all packages depending on it:
+
+`aptitude remove {{package}}`
+
+- Upgrade installed packages to newest available versions:
+
+`aptitude upgrade`
+
+- Upgrade installed packages (like `aptitude upgrade`) including removing obsolete packages and installing additional packages to meet new package dependencies:
+
+`aptitude full-upgrade`

pages.cn/linux/arch.md

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+# arch
+
+> Display the name of the system architecture.
+> See also `uname`.
+
+- Display the system's architecture:
+
+`arch`

pages.cn/linux/archey.md

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+# archey
+
+> Simple tool for stylishly displaying system information.
+
+- Show system information:
+
+`archey`

pages.cn/linux/arp-scan.md

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+# arp-scan
+
+> Send ARP packets to hosts (specified as IP addresses or hostnames) to scan the local network.
+
+- Scan the current local network:
+
+`arp-scan --localnet`
+
+- Scan an IP network with a custom bitmask:
+
+`arp-scan {{192.168.1.1}}/{{24}}`
+
+- Scan an IP network within a custom range:
+
+`arp-scan {{127.0.0.0}}-{{127.0.0.31}}`
+
+- Scan an IP network with a custom net mask:
+
+`arp-scan {{10.0.0.0}}:{{255.255.255.0}}`

pages.cn/linux/as.md

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+# as
+
+> Portable GNU assembler.
+> Primarily intended to assemble output from `gcc` to be used by `ld`.
+
+- Assemble a file, writing the output to a.out:
+
+`as {{file.s}}`
+
+- Assemble the output to a given file:
+
+`as {{file.s}} -o {{out.o}}`
+
+- Generate output faster by skipping whitespace and comment preprocessing. (Should only be used for trusted compilers):
+
+`as -f {{file.s}}`
+
+- Include a given path to the list of directories to search for files specified in .include directives:
+
+`as -I {{path/to/directory}} {{file.s}}`

pages.cn/linux/aspell.md

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+# aspell
+
+> Interactive spell checker.
+
+- Spell check a single file:
+
+`aspell check {{path/to/file}}`
+
+- List mispelled words from standard input:
+
+`cat {{file}} | aspell list`
+
+- Show available dictionary languages:
+
+`aspell dicts`
+
+- Run aspell with different language (takes two letter ISO 639 language code):
+
+`aspell --lang={{cs}}`
+
+- List mispelled words from standard input and ignore words from personal word list:
+
+`cat {{file}} | aspell --personal={{personal-word-list.pws}} {{list}}`

pages.cn/linux/at.md

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+# at
+
+> Executes commands at a specified time.
+
+- Open an `at` prompt to create a new set of scheduled commands, press `Ctrl + D` to save and exit:
+
+`at {{hh:mm:ss}}`
+
+- Execute the commands and email the result using a local mailing program such as sendmail:
+
+`at {{hh:mm:ss}} -m`
+
+- Execute a script at the given time:
+
+`at {{hh:mm:ss}} -f {{path/to/file}}`

pages.cn/linux/authconfig.md

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+# authconfig
+
+> A CLI interface for configuring system authentication resources.
+
+- Display the current configuration (or dry run):
+
+`authconfig --test`
+
+- Configure the server to use a different password hashing algorithm:
+
+`authconfig --update --passalgo={{algorithm}}`
+
+- Enable LDAP authentication:
+
+`authconfig --update --enableldapauth`
+
+- Disable LDAP authentication:
+
+`authconfig --update --disableldapauth`
+
+- Enable Network Information Service (NIS):
+
+`authconfig --update --enablenis`
+
+- Enable Kerberos:
+
+`authconfig --update --enablekrb5`
+
+- Enable Winbind (Active Directory) authentication:
+
+`authconfig --update --enablewinbindauth`
+
+- Enable local authorization:
+
+`authconfig --update --enablelocauthorize`

pages.cn/linux/autorandr.md

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+# autorandr
+
+> Automatically change screen layout.
+
+- Save the current screen layout:
+
+`autorandr -s {{profile_name}}`
+
+- Show the saved profiles:
+
+`autorandr`
+
+- Change the profile:
+
+`autorandr -l {{profile_name}}`
+
+- Set the default profile:
+
+`autorandr -d {{profile_name}}`

pages.cn/linux/beep.md

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+# beep
+
+> A utility to beep the PC speaker.
+
+- Play a beep:
+
+`beep`
+
+- Play a beep that repeats:
+
+`beep -r {{repetitions}}`
+
+- Play a beep at a specified frequency (Hz) and duration (milliseconds):
+
+`beep -f {{frequency}} -l {{duration}}`
+
+- Play each new frequency and duration as a distinct beep:
+
+`beep -f {{frequency}} -l {{duration}} -n -f {{frequency}} -l {{duration}}`
+
+- Play the C major scale:
+
+`beep -f 262 -n -f 294 -n -f 330 -n -f 349 -n -f 392 -n -f 440 -n -f 494 -n -f 523`

pages.cn/linux/bmon.md

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+# bmon
+
+> Monitor bandwidth and capture network related statistics.
+
+- Display the list of all the interfaces:
+
+`bmon -a`
+
+- Display data transfer rates in bits per second:
+
+`bmon -b`
+
+- Set policy to define which network interface(s) is/are displayed:
+
+`bmon -p {{interface_1,interface_2,interface_3}}`
+
+- Set interval (in seconds) in which rate per counter is calculated:
+
+`bmon -R {{2.0}}`

pages.cn/linux/brew.md

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+# brew
+
+> The Homebrew package manager for Linux.
+
+- Search for available formulas:
+
+`brew search {{text}}`
+
+- Install the latest stable version of a formula (use `--devel` for development versions):
+
+`brew install {{formula}}`
+
+- List all installed formulae:
+
+`brew list`
+
+- Update an installed formula (if no formula name is given, all installed formulae are updated):
+
+`brew upgrade {{formula}}`
+
+- Fetch the newest version of Linuxbrew and all formulae from GitHub:
+
+`brew update`
+
+- Show formulae that have a more recent version available:
+
+`brew outdated`
+
+- Display information about a formula (version, installation path, dependencies, etc.):
+
+`brew info {{formula}}`
+
+- Check your Linuxbrew installation for potential problems:
+
+`brew doctor`

pages.cn/linux/bzip2.md

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+# bzip2
+
+> A block-sorting file compressor.
+
+- Compress file:
+
+`bzip2 {{path/to/file_to_compress}}`
+
+- Decompress file:
+
+`bzip2 -d {{path/to/compressed_file.bz2}}`
+
+- Decompress to console:
+
+`bzip2 -dc {{path/to/compressed_file.bz2}}`

pages.cn/linux/cal.md

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+# cal
+
+> Prints calendar information, with the current day highlighted.
+
+- Display a calendar for the current month:
+
+`cal`
+
+- Display previous, current and next month:
+
+`cal --three`
+
+- Use monday as the first day of the week:
+
+`cal --monday`
+
+- Display a calendar for a specific year (4 digits):
+
+`cal {{year}}`
+
+- Display a calendar for a specific month and year:
+
+`cal {{month}} {{year}}`

pages.cn/linux/calc.md

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+# calc
+
+> An interactive arbitrary-precision calculator on the terminal.
+
+- Start calc in interactive mode:
+
+`calc`
+
+- Perform a calculation in non-interactive mode:
+
+`calc -p '{{85 * (36 / 4)}}'`

pages.cn/linux/certbot.md

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+# certbot
+
+> The Let's Encrypt Agent for automatically obtaining and renewing TLS certificates.
+> Successor to `letsencrypt`.
+
+- Obtain a new certificate via webroot authorization, but do not install it automatically:
+
+`sudo certbot certonly --webroot --webroot-path {{path/to/webroot}} --domain {{subdomain.example.com}}`
+
+- Obtain a new certificate via nginx authorization, installing the new certificate automatically:
+
+`sudo certbot --nginx --domain {{subdomain.example.com}}`
+
+- Obtain a new certificate via apache authorization, installing the new certificate automatically:
+
+`sudo certbot --apache --domain {{subdomain.example.com}}`
+
+- Renew all Let's Encrypt certificates that expire in 30 days or less (don't forget to restart any servers that use them afterwards):
+
+`sudo certbot renew`
+
+- Simulate the obtaining of a new certificate, but don't actually save any new certificates to disk:
+
+`sudo certbot --webroot --webroot-path {{path/to/webroot}} --domain {{subdomain.example.com}} --dry-run`
+
+- Obtain an untrusted test certificate instead:
+
+`sudo certbot --webroot --webroot-path {{path/to/webroot}} --domain {{subdomain.example.com}} --test-cert`

pages.cn/linux/chage.md

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+# chage
+
+> Change user account and password expiry information.
+
+- List password information for the user:
+
+`chage -l {{user_name}}`
+
+- Enable password expiration in 10 days:
+
+`sudo chage -M {{10}} {{user_name}}`
+
+- Disable password expiration:
+
+`sudo chage -M -1 {{user_name}}`
+
+- Set account expiration date:
+
+`sudo chage -E {{YYYY-MM-DD}}`
+
+- Force user to change password on next log in:
+
+`sudo chage -d 0`

pages.cn/linux/chattr.md

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+# chattr
+
+> Change attributes of files or folders.
+
+- Make a file or folder immutable to changes and deletion, even by superuser:
+
+`chattr +i {{path}}`
+
+- Make a file or folder mutable:
+
+`chattr -i {{path}}`
+
+- Recursively make an entire folder and contents immutable:
+
+`chattr -R +i {{folder}}`

pages.cn/linux/chkconfig.md

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+# chkconfig
+
+> Manage the runlevel of services on CentOS 6.
+
+- List services with runlevel:
+
+`chkconfig --list`
+
+- Show a service's runlevel:
+
+`chkconfig --list {{ntpd}}`
+
+- Enable service at boot:
+
+`chkconfig {{sshd}} on`
+
+- Enable service at boot for runlevels 2, 3, 4, and 5:
+
+`chkconfig --level {{2345}} {{sshd}} on`
+
+- Disable service at boot:
+
+`chkconfig {{ntpd}} off`
+
+- Disable service at boot for runlevel 3:
+
+`chkconfig --level {{3}} {{ntpd}} off`

pages.cn/linux/cmus.md

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+# cmus
+
+> Commandline Music Player.
+> Use arrow keys to navigate, `<enter/return>` to select, and numbers 1-8 switch between different views.
+
+- Open cmus from specified directory:
+
+`cmus {{path/to/directory}}`
+
+- Add file/directory to library:
+
+`:add {{path/to/file_or_directory}}`
+
+- Pause/unpause current song:
+
+`c`
+
+- Toggle shuffle mode on/off:
+
+`s`
+
+- Quit cmus:
+
+`q`

pages.cn/linux/command.md

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+# command
+
+> Command forces the shell to execute the program and ignore any functions, builtins and aliases with the same name.
+
+- Execute the ls program literally, even if an ls alias exists:
+
+`command {{ls}}`

pages.cn/linux/compgen.md

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+# compgen
+
+> A built-in command for auto-completion in bash, which is called on pressing TAB key twice.
+
+- List all commands that you could run:
+
+`compgen -c`
+
+- List all aliases:
+
+`compgen -a`
+
+- List all functions that you could run:
+
+`compgen -A function`
+
+- Show shell reserved key words:
+
+`compgen -k`
+
+- See all available commands/aliases starting with 'ls':
+
+`compgen -ac {{ls}}`

pages.cn/linux/compose.md

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+# compose
+
+> An alias to a `run-mailcap`'s action compose.
+> Originally `run-mailcap` is used to  mime-type/file.
+
+- Compose action can be used to compose any existing file or new  on default mailcap edit tool:
+
+`compose {{filename}}`
+
+- With `run-mailcap`:
+
+`run-mailcap --action=compose {{filename}}`

pages.cn/linux/conky.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# conky
+
+> Light-weight system monitor for X.
+
+- Launch with default, built-in config:
+
+`conky`
+
+- Create a new default config:
+
+`conky -C > ~/.conkyrc`
+
+- Launch conky with a given config file:
+
+`conky -c {{path/to/config}}`
+
+- Start in the background (daemonize):
+
+`conky -d`
+
+- Align conky on the desktop:
+
+`conky -a {{{top,bottom,middle}_{left,right,middle}}}`
+
+- Pause for 5 seconds at startup before launching:
+
+`conky -p {{5}}`

pages.cn/linux/cpufreq-aperf.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# cpufreq-aperf
+
+> Calculate the average CPU frequency over a time period.
+> Requires root privileges.
+
+- Start calculating, defaulting to all CPU cores and 1 second refresh interval:
+
+`sudo cpufreq-aperf`
+
+- Start calculating for CPU 1 only:
+
+`sudo cpufreq-aperf -c {{1}}`
+
+- Start calculating with a 3 seconds refresh interval for all CPU cores:
+
+`sudo cpufreq-aperf -i {{3}}`
+
+- Calculate only once:
+
+`sudo cpufreq-aperf -o`

pages.cn/linux/cpufreq-info.md

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+# cpufreq-info
+
+> A tool to show CPU frequency information.
+
+- Show CPU frequency information for all CPUs:
+
+`cpufreq-info`
+
+- Show CPU frequency information for the specified CPU:
+
+`cpufreq-info -c {{cpu_number}}`
+
+- Show the allowed minimum and maximum CPU frequency:
+
+`cpufreq-info -l`
+
+- Show the current minimum and maximum CPU frequency and policy in table format:
+
+`cpufreq-info -o`
+
+- Show available CPU frequency policies:
+
+`cpufreq-info -g`
+
+- Show current CPU work frequency in a human-readable format, according to the cpufreq kernel module:
+
+`cpufreq-info -f -m`
+
+- Show current CPU work frequency in a human-readable format, by reading it from hardware (only available to root):
+
+`sudo cpufreq-info -w -m`

pages.cn/linux/cpufreq-set.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# cpufreq-set
+
+> A tool to modify CPU frequency settings.
+> The frequency value should range between the output of command `cpufreq-info -l`.
+
+- Set the CPU frequency policy of CPU 1 to "userspace":
+
+`sudo cpufreq-set -c {{1}} -g {{userspace}}`
+
+- Set the current minimum CPU frequency of CPU 1:
+
+`sudo cpufreq-set -c {{1}} --min {{min_frequency}}`
+
+- Set the current maximum CPU frequency of CPU 1:
+
+`sudo cpufreq-set -c {{1}} --max {{max_frequency}}`
+
+- Set the current work frequency of CPU 1:
+
+`sudo cpufreq-set -c {{1}} -f {{work_frequency}}`

pages.cn/linux/cpuid.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# cpuid
+
+> Display detailed information about all CPUs.
+
+- Display information for all CPUs:
+
+`cpuid`
+
+- Display information only for the current CPU:
+
+`cpuid -1`
+
+- Display raw hex information with no decoding:
+
+`cpuid -r`

pages.cn/linux/cryptsetup.md

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+# cryptsetup
+
+> Manage plain dm-crypt and LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) encrypted volumes.
+
+- Initialize a LUKS volume (overwrites all data on the partition):
+
+`cryptsetup luksFormat {{/dev/sda1}}`
+
+- Open a LUKS volume and create a decrypted mapping at /dev/mapper/{{target}}:
+
+`cryptsetup luksOpen {{/dev/sda1}} {{target}}`
+
+- Remove an existing mapping:
+
+`cryptsetup luksClose {{target}}`
+
+- Change the LUKS volume's passphrase:
+
+`cryptsetup luksChangeKey {{/dev/sda1}}`

pages.cn/linux/csplit.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# csplit
+
+> Split a file into pieces.
+> This generates files named "xx00", "xx01", and so on.
+
+- Split a file at lines 5 and 23:
+
+`csplit {{file}} {{5}} {{23}}`
+
+- Split a file every 5 lines (this will fail if the total number of lines is not divisible by 5):
+
+`csplit {{file}} {{5}} {*}`
+
+- Split a file every 5 lines, ignoring exact-division error:
+
+`csplit -k {{file}} {{5}} {*}`
+
+- Split a file at line 5 and use a custom prefix for the output files:
+
+`csplit {{file}} {{5}} -f {{prefix}}`
+
+- Split a file at a line matching a regular expression:
+
+`csplit {{file}} /{{regex}}/`

pages.cn/linux/dash.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# dash
+
+> Debian Almquist Shell.
+> Modern POSIX-compliant implementation of `sh` (isn't Bash compatible).
+
+- Start interactive shell:
+
+`dash`
+
+- Execute a command:
+
+`dash -c "{{command}}"`
+
+- Run commands from a file:
+
+`dash {{file.sh}}`
+
+- Run commands from a file, logging all commands executed to the terminal:
+
+`dash -x {{file.sh}}`

pages.cn/linux/datamash.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# datamash
+
+> Tool to perform basic numeric, textual and statistical operations on input textual data files.
+
+- Get max, min, mean and median of a single column of numbers:
+
+`seq 3 | datamash max 1 min 1 mean 1 median 1`
+
+- Get the mean of a single column of float numbers (floats must use "," and not "."):
+
+`echo -e '1.0\n2.5\n3.1\n4.3\n5.6\n5.7' | tr '.' ',' | datamash mean 1`
+
+- Get the mean of a single column of numbers with a given decimal precision:
+
+`echo -e '1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n5' | datamash -R {{number_of_decimals_wanted}} mean 1`
+
+- Get the mean of a single column of numbers ignoring "Na" and "NaN" (literal) strings:
+
+`echo -e '1\n2\nNa\n3\nNaN' | datamash --narm mean 1`

pages.cn/linux/dbus-daemon.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# dbus-daemon
+
+> The D-Bus message daemon, allowing multiple programs to exchange messages.
+
+- Run the daemon with a configuration file:
+
+`dbus-daemon --config-file {{path/to/file}}`
+
+- Run the daemon with the standard per-login-session message bus configuration:
+
+`dbus-daemon --session`
+
+- Run the daemon with the standard systemwide message bus configuration:
+
+`dbus-daemon --system`
+
+- Set the address to listen on and override the configuration value for it:
+
+`dbus-daemon --address {{address}}`
+
+- Output the process id to stdout:
+
+`dbus-daemon --print-pid`
+
+- Force the message bus to write to the system log for messages:
+
+`dbus-daemon --syslog`

pages.cn/linux/diff3.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# diff3
+
+> Compare three files line by line.
+
+- Compare files:
+
+`diff3 {{file1}} {{file2}} {{file3}}`
+
+- Show all changes, outlining conflicts:
+
+`diff3 --show-all {{file1}} {{file2}} {{file3}}`

pages.cn/linux/disown.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# disown
+
+> Allow sub-processes to live beyond the shell that they are attached to.
+> See also the `jobs` command.
+
+- Disown the current job:
+
+`disown`
+
+- Disown a specific job:
+
+`disown %{{job_number}}`
+
+- Disown all jobs:
+
+`disown -a`

pages.cn/linux/dmesg.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# dmesg
+
+> Write the kernel messages to standard output.
+
+- Show kernel messages:
+
+`dmesg`
+
+- Show kernel error messages:
+
+`dmesg --level err`
+
+- Show kernel messages and keep reading new ones, similar to `tail -f` (available in kernels 3.5.0 and newer):
+
+`dmesg -w`
+
+- Show how much physical memory is available on this system:
+
+`dmesg | grep -i memory`
+
+- Show kernel messages 1 page at a time:
+
+`dmesg | less`

pages.cn/linux/dmidecode.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# dmidecode
+
+> Display the DMI (alternatively known as SMBIOS) table contents in a human-readable format.
+> Requires root privileges.
+
+- Show all DMI table contents:
+
+`sudo dmidecode`
+
+- Show the BIOS version:
+
+`sudo dmidecode -s bios-version`
+
+- Show the system's serial number:
+
+`sudo dmidecode -s system-serial-number`
+
+- Show BIOS information:
+
+`sudo dmidecode -t bios`
+
+- Show CPU information:
+
+`sudo dmidecode -t processor`
+
+- Show memory information:
+
+`sudo dmidecode -t memory`

pages.cn/linux/dnf.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# dnf
+
+> Package management utility for RHEL, Fedora, and CentOS (replaces yum).
+
+- Install a new package:
+
+`sudo dnf install {{package}}`
+
+- Install a new package and assume yes to all questions:
+
+`sudo dnf -y install {{package}}`
+
+- Remove a package:
+
+`sudo dnf remove {{package}}`
+
+- Upgrade installed packages to newest available versions:
+
+`sudo dnf upgrade`

pages.cn/linux/dpkg-query.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# dpkg-query
+
+> A tool that shows information about installed packages.
+
+- List all installed packages:
+
+`dpkg-query -l`
+
+- List installed packages matching a pattern:
+
+`dpkg-query -l '{{pattern}}'`
+
+- List all files installed by a package:
+
+`dpkg-query -L {{package_name}}`
+
+- Show information about a package:
+
+`dpkg-query -s {{package_name}}`

pages.cn/linux/dpkg.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# dpkg
+
+> Debian package manager.
+
+- Install a package:
+
+`dpkg -i {{path/to/file.deb}}`
+
+- Remove a package:
+
+`dpkg -r {{package_name}}`
+
+- List installed packages:
+
+`dpkg -l {{pattern}}`
+
+- List package contents:
+
+`dpkg -L {{package_name}}`
+
+- List contents of a local package file:
+
+`dpkg -c {{path/to/file.deb}}`
+
+- Find out which package owns a file:
+
+`dpkg -S {{file_name}}`

pages.cn/linux/ebuild.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# ebuild
+
+> A low level interface to the Gentoo Portage system.
+
+- Create or update the package manifest:
+
+`ebuild {{path/to/file.ebuild}} manifest`
+
+- Clean the temporary build directories for the build file:
+
+`ebuild {{path/to/file.ebuild}} clean`
+
+- Fetch sources if they do not exist:
+
+`ebuild {{path/to/file.ebuild}} fetch`
+
+- Extract the sources to a temporary build directory:
+
+`ebuild {{path/to/file.ebuild}} unpack`
+
+- Compile the extracted sources:
+
+`ebuild {{path/to/file.ebuild}} compile`
+
+- Install the package to a temporary install directory:
+
+`ebuild {{path/to/file.ebuild}} install`
+
+- Install the temporary files to the live filesystem:
+
+`ebuild {{path/to/file.ebuild}} qmerge`
+
+- Fetch, unpack, compile, install and qmerge the specified ebuild file:
+
+`ebuild {{path/to/file.ebuild}} merge`

pages.cn/linux/edit.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# edit
+
+> An alias to a `run-mailcap`'s action edit.
+> Originally `run-mailcap` is used to process/edit mime-type/file.
+
+- Edit action can be used to view any file on default mailcap explorer:
+
+`edit {{filename}}`
+
+- With `run-mailcap`:
+
+`run-mailcap --action=edit {{filename}}`

pages.cn/linux/edquota.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# edquota
+
+> Edit quotas for a user or group. By default it operates on all file systems with quotas.
+> Quota information is stored permanently in the `quota.user` and `quota.group` files in the root of the filesystem.
+
+- Edit quota of the current user:
+
+`edquota --user $(whoami)`
+
+- Edit quota of a specific user:
+
+`sudo edquota --user {{username}}`
+
+- Edit quota for a group:
+
+`sudo edquota --group {{group}}`
+
+- Restrict operations to a given filesystem (by default edquota operates on all filesystems with quotas):
+
+`sudo edquota --file-system {{filesystem}}`
+
+- Edit the default grace period:
+
+`sudo edquota -t`
+
+- Duplicate a quota to other users:
+
+`sudo edquota -p {{reference_user}} {{destination_user1}} {{destination_user2}}`

pages.cn/linux/eject.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# eject
+
+> Eject cds, floppy disks and tape drives.
+
+- Display the default device:
+
+`eject -d`
+
+- Eject the default device:
+
+`eject`
+
+- Eject a specific device (the default order is cd-rom, scsi, floppy and tape):
+
+`eject {{/dev/cdrom}}`
+
+- Toggle whether a device's tray is open or closed:
+
+`eject -T {{/dev/cdrom}}`
+
+- Eject a cd drive:
+
+`eject -r {{/dev/cdrom}}`
+
+- Eject a floppy drive:
+
+`eject -f {{/mnt/floppy}}`
+
+- Eject a tape drive:
+
+`eject -q {{/mnt/tape}}`

pages.cn/linux/emerge.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# emerge
+
+> Gentoo Linux package manager utility.
+
+- Synchronize all packages:
+
+`emerge --sync`
+
+- Update all packages, including dependencies:
+
+`emerge -uDNav @world`
+
+- Resume a failed updated, skipping the failing package:
+
+`emerge --resume --skipfirst`
+
+- Install a new package, with confirmation:
+
+`emerge -av {{package_name}}`
+
+- Remove a package, with confirmation:
+
+`emerge -Cav {{package_name}}`
+
+- Remove orphaned packages (that were installed only as dependencies):
+
+`emerge -avc`
+
+- Search the package database for a keyword:
+
+`emerge -S {{keyword}}`

pages.cn/linux/entr.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# entr
+
+> Run arbitrary commands when files change.
+
+- Rebuild with `make` if any files in any subfolders change:
+
+`{{ag -l}} | entr {{make}}`
+
+- Rebuild and test with `make` if any `.c` source files in the current directory change:
+
+`{{ls *.c}} | entr {{'make && make test'}}`
+
+- Send a `SIGTERM` to any previously spawned ruby subprocesses before executing `ruby main.rb`:
+
+`{{ls *.rb}} | entr -r {{ruby main.rb}}`
+
+- Run a command with the changed file (`/_`) as an argument:
+
+`{{ls *.sql}} | entr {{psql -f}} /_`

pages.cn/linux/envsubst.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# envsubst
+
+> Substitutes shell format strings with environment variables in text.
+> Strings to be replaced should be in either `${var}` or `$var` format.
+
+- Replace environment variables in stdin and output to stdout:
+
+`echo '{{$HOME}}' | envsubst`
+
+- Replace environment variables in an input file and output to stdout:
+
+`envsubst < {{path/to/input}}`
+
+- Replace environment variables in an input file and output to a file:
+
+`envsubst < {{path/to/input}} > {{path/to/output}}`
+
+- Replace environment variables in input from a space-separated list:
+
+`envsubst {{variables}} < {{path/to/input}}`

pages.cn/linux/equery.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# equery
+
+> View information about Portage packages.
+
+- List all installed packages:
+
+`equery list '*'`
+
+- Search for installed packages in the Portage tree and in overlays:
+
+`equery list -po {{package_name}}`
+
+- List all packages that depend on a given package:
+
+`equery depends {{package_name}}`
+
+- List all packages that a given package depends on:
+
+`equery depgraph {{package_name}}`
+
+- List all files installed by a package:
+
+`equery files --tree {{package_name}}`

pages.cn/linux/eval.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# eval
+
+> Execute arguments as a single command in the current shell and return its result.
+
+- Call `echo` with the "foo" argument:
+
+`eval "{{echo foo}}"`
+
+- Set a variable in the current shell:
+
+`eval "{{foo=bar}}"`

pages.cn/linux/export.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# export
+
+> Command to mark shell variables in the current environment to be exported with any newly forked child processes.
+
+- Set a new environment variable:
+
+`export {{VARIABLE}}={{value}}`
+
+- Remove an environment variable:
+
+`export -n {{VARIABLE}}`
+
+- Mark a shell function for export:
+
+`export -f {{FUNCTION_NAME}}`
+
+- Append something to the PATH variable:
+
+`export PATH=$PATH:{{path/to/append}}`

pages.cn/linux/eyeD3.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# eyeD3
+
+> Read and manipulate metadata of MP3 files.
+
+- View information about an MP3 file:
+
+`eyeD3 {{filename.mp3}}`
+
+- Set the title of an MP3 file:
+
+`eyeD3 --title {{"A Title"}} {{filename.mp3}}`
+
+- Set the album of all the MP3 files in a directory:
+
+`eyeD3 --album {{"Album Name"}} {{*.mp3}}`
+
+- Set the front cover art for an MP3 file:
+
+`eyeD3 --add-image {{front_cover.jpeg}}:FRONT_COVER: {{filename.mp3}}`

pages.cn/linux/f5fpc.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# f5fpc
+
+> A proprietry commercial SSL VPN client by BIG-IP Edge.
+
+- Open a new VPN connection:
+
+`sudo f5fpc --start`
+
+- Open a new VPN connection to a specific host:
+
+`sudo f5fpc --start --host {{host.example.com}}`
+
+- Specify a username (user will be prompted for a password):
+
+`sudo f5fpc --start --host {{host.example.com}} --username {{user}}`
+
+- Show the current VPN status:
+
+`sudo f5fpc --info`
+
+- Shutdown the VPN connection:
+
+`sudo f5fpc --stop`

pages.cn/linux/fallocate.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# fallocate 
+
+> Reserve or deallocate disk space to files.
+> The utility allocates space without zeroing.
+
+- Reserve a file taking up 700MB of disk space:
+
+`fallocate --length {{700M}} {{path/to/file}}`
+
+- Shrink an already allocated file by 200MB:
+
+`fallocate --collapse-range --length {{200M}} {{path/to/file}}`
+
+- Shrink 20MB of space after 100MB in a file:
+
+`fallocate --collapse-range --offset {{100M}} --length {{20M}} {{path/to/file}}`

pages.cn/linux/fatlabel.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# fatlabel
+
+> Sets or gets the label of a FAT32 partition.
+
+- Get the label of a FAT32 partition:
+
+`fatlabel {{/dev/sda1}}`
+
+- Set the label of a FAT32 partition:
+
+`fatlabel {{/dev/sdc3}} "{{new_label}}"`

pages.cn/linux/fc-list.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# fc-list
+
+> List available fonts installed on the system.
+
+- Return a list of installed fonts with given name:
+
+`fc-list | grep '{{DejaVu Serif}}'`

pages.cn/linux/fc-match.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# fc-match
+
+> Match available fonts.
+
+- Return a sorted list of best matching fonts:
+
+`fc-match -s '{{DejaVu Serif}}'`

pages.cn/linux/fc-pattern.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# fc-pattern
+
+> Shows information about a font matching a pattern.
+
+- Display default information about a font:
+
+`fc-pattern -d '{{DejaVu Serif}}'`

pages.cn/linux/fc.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# fc
+
+> Open the most recent command and edit it.
+
+- Open in the default system editor:
+
+`fc`
+
+- Specify an editor to open with:
+
+`fc -e {{'emacs'}}`
+
+- List recent commands from history:
+
+`fc -l`

pages.cn/linux/fdisk.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# fdisk
+
+> A program for managing partition tables and partitions on a hard disk.
+
+- List partitions:
+
+`fdisk -l`
+
+- Start the partition manipulator:
+
+`fdisk {{/dev/sda}}`

pages.cn/linux/feh.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# feh
+
+> Lightweight image viewing utility.
+
+- View images locally or using a URL:
+
+`feh {{path/to/images}}`
+
+- View images recursively:
+
+`feh --recursive {{path/to/images}}`
+
+- View images without window borders:
+
+`feh --borderless {{path/to/images}}`
+
+- Exit after the last image:
+
+`feh --cycle-once {{path/to/images}}`
+
+- Set the slideshow cycle delay:
+
+`feh --slideshow-delay {{seconds}} {{path/to/images}}`
+
+- Set your wallpaper (centered, filled, maximized, scaled or tiled):
+
+`feh --bg-{{center|fill|max|scale|tile}} {{path/to/image}}`

pages.cn/linux/figlet.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# figlet
+
+> Generate ASCII banners from user input.
+
+- Generate by directly inputting text:
+
+`figlet {{input_text}}`
+
+- Use a custom font file:
+
+`figlet {{input_text}} -f {{font_file_name}}`
+
+- Pipe command output through figlet:
+
+`{{command}} | figlet`
+
+- Show available figlet fonts:
+
+`showfigfonts {{optional_string_to_display}}`

pages.cn/linux/file.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# file
+
+> Determine file type.
+
+- Give a description of the type of the specified file. Works fine for files with no file extension:
+
+`file {{filename}}`
+
+- Look inside a zipped file and determine the file type(s) inside:
+
+`file -z {{foo.zip}}`
+
+- Allow file to work with special or device files:
+
+`file -s {{filename}}`
+
+- Don't stop at first file type match; keep going until the end of the file:
+
+`file -k {{filename}}`
+
+- Determine the mime encoding type of a file:
+
+`file -i {{filename}}`

pages.cn/linux/findmnt.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# findmnt
+
+> Find your filesystem.
+
+- List all mounted filesystems:
+
+`findmnt`
+
+- Search for a device:
+
+`findmnt {{/dev/sdb1}}`
+
+- Search for a mountpoint:
+
+`findmnt {{/}}`
+
+- Find filesystems in specific type:
+
+`findmnt -t {{ext4}}`
+
+- Find filesystems with specific label:
+
+`findmnt LABEL={{BigStorage}}`

pages.cn/linux/firejail.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# firejail
+
+> Securely sandboxes processes to containers using built-in Linux capabilities.
+
+- Integrate firejail with your desktop environment:
+
+`sudo firecfg`
+
+- Open a restricted Mozilla Firefox:
+
+`firejail {{firefox}}`
+
+- Start a restricted Apache server on a known interface and address:
+
+`firejail --net={{eth0}} --ip={{192.168.1.244}} {{/etc/init.d/apache2}} {{start}}`
+
+- List running sandboxes:
+
+`firejail --list`
+
+- List network activity from running sandboxes:
+
+`firejail --netstats`
+
+- Shutdown a running sandbox:
+
+`firejail --shutdown={{7777}}`

pages.cn/linux/firewall-cmd.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# firewall-cmd
+
+> The firewalld command line client.
+
+- View the available firewall zones:
+
+`firewall-cmd --get-active-zones`
+
+- View the rules which are currently applied:
+
+`firewall-cmd --list-all`
+
+- Permanently open the port for a service in the specified zone (like port `443` when in the `public` zone):
+
+`firewall-cmd --permanent --zone={{public}} --add-service={{https}}`
+
+- Permanently close the port for a service in the specified zone (like port `80` when in the `public` zone):
+
+`firewall-cmd --permanent --zone={{public}} --remove-service={{http}}`
+
+- Reload firewalld to force rule changes to take effect:
+
+`firewall-cmd --reload`

pages.cn/linux/flatpak.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# flatpak
+
+> Build, install and run flatpak applications and runtimes.
+
+- Run an installed application:
+
+`flatpak run {{name}}`
+
+- Install an application from a remote source:
+
+`flatpak install {{remote}} {{name}}`
+
+- List all installed applications and runtimes:
+
+`flatpak list`
+
+- Update all installed applications and runtimes:
+
+`flatpak update`
+
+- Add a remote source:
+
+`flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists {{remote_name}} {{remote_url}}`
+
+- List all configured remote sources:
+
+`flatpak remote-list`

pages.cn/linux/foreman.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# foreman
+
+> Manage Procfile-based applications.
+
+- Start an application with the Procfile in the current directory:
+
+`foreman start`
+
+- Start an application with a specified Procfile:
+
+`foreman start -f {{Procfile}}`
+
+- Start a specific application:
+
+`foreman start {{process}}`
+
+- Validate Procfile format:
+
+`foreman check`
+
+- Run one-off commands with the process's environment:
+
+`foreman run {{command}}`
+
+- Start all processes except the one named "worker":
+
+`foreman start -m all=1,{{worker}}=0`

pages.cn/linux/free.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# free
+
+> Display amount of free and used memory in the system.
+
+- Display system memory:
+
+`free`
+
+- Display memory in Bytes/KB/MB/GB:
+
+`free -{{b|k|m|g}}`
+
+- Display memory in human readable units:
+
+`free -h`
+
+- Refresh the output every 2 seconds:
+
+`free -s {{2}}`

pages.cn/linux/fsck.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# fsck
+
+> Check the integrity of a filesystem or repair it. The filesystem should be unmounted at the time the command is run.
+
+- Check filesystem /dev/sda, reporting any damaged blocks:
+
+`fsck {{/dev/sda}}`
+
+- Check filesystem /dev/sda, reporting any damaged blocks and interactively letting the user choose to repair each one:
+
+`fsck -r {{/dev/sda}}`
+
+- Check filesystem /dev/sda, reporting any damaged blocks and automatically repairing them:
+
+`fsck -a {{/dev/sda}}`

pages.cn/linux/fuser.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# fuser
+
+> Display process IDs currently using files or sockets.
+> Require admin privileges.
+
+- Identify process using a TCP socket:
+
+`fuser -n tcp {{port}}`

pages.cn/linux/genkernel.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# genkernel
+
+> Gentoo Linux utility to compile and install kernels.
+
+- Automatically compile and install a generic kernel:
+
+`sudo genkernel all`
+
+- Build and install the bzImage|initramfs|kernel|ramdisk only:
+
+`sudo genkernel {{bzImage|initramfs|kernel|ramdisk}}`
+
+- Apply changes to the kernel configuration before compiling and installing:
+
+`sudo genkernel --menuconfig all`
+
+- Generate a kernel with a custom name:
+
+`sudo genkernel --kernname={{custom_name}} all`
+
+- Use a kernel source outside of the default directory /usr/src/linux:
+
+`sudo genkernel --kerneldir={{path/to/directory}} all`

pages.cn/linux/getent.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# getent  
+
+> Get entries from Name Service Switch libraries.
+
+- Get list of all groups:
+
+`getent group`
+
+- See the members of a group:
+
+`getent group {{group_name}}`
+
+- Get list of all services:
+
+`getent services`
+
+- Find a username by UID:
+
+`getent passwd 1000`
+
+- Perform a reverse DNS lookup:
+
+`getent hosts {{host}}`

pages.cn/linux/getfacl.md

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+# getfacl
+
+> Get file access control lists.
+
+- Display the file access control list:
+
+`getfacl {{path/to/file_or_folder}}`
+
+- Display the file access control list with numeric user and group IDs:
+
+`getfacl -n {{path/to/file_or_folder}}`
+
+- Display the file access control list with tabular output format:
+
+`getfacl -t {{path/to/file_or_folder}}`

pages.cn/linux/gnome-terminal.md

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+# gnome-terminal
+
+> The GNOME Terminal emulator.
+
+- Open a new GNOME terminal window:
+
+`gnome-terminal`
+
+- Run a specific command in a new terminal window:
+
+`gnome-terminal -- {{command}}`
+
+- Open a new tab in the last opened window instead:
+
+`gnome-terminal --tab`
+
+- Set the title of the new tab:
+
+`gnome-terminal --tab --title "{{title}}"`

pages.cn/linux/gpasswd.md

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+# gpasswd
+
+> Administer "/etc/group" and "/etc/gshadow".
+
+- Define group administrators:
+
+`sudo gpasswd -A {{user1,user2}} {{group}}`
+
+- Set the list of group members:
+
+`sudo gpasswd -M {{user1,user2}} {{group}}`
+
+- Create a password for the named group:
+
+`gpasswd {{group}}`
+
+- Add a user to the named group:
+
+`gpasswd -a {{user}} {{group}}`
+
+- Remove a user from the named group:
+
+`gpasswd -d {{user}} {{group}}`

pages.cn/linux/groupadd.md

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+# groupadd
+
+> Add user groups to the system.
+
+- Create a new Linux group:
+
+`groupadd {{group_name}}`
+
+- Create new group with a specific groupid:
+
+`groupadd {{group_name}} -g {{group_id}}`

pages.cn/linux/groupdel.md

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+# groupdel
+
+> Delete existing user groups from the system.
+
+- Delete an existing group:
+
+`groupdel {{group_name}}`

pages.cn/linux/groupmod.md

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+# groupmod
+
+> Modify existing user groups in the system.
+
+- Change the group name:
+
+`groupmod -n {{new_group_name}} {{old_group_name}}`
+
+- Change the group id:
+
+`groupmod -g {{new_group_id}} {{old_group_name}}`

pages.cn/linux/gs.md

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+# gs
+
+> GhostScript is a PDF and PostScript interpreter.
+
+- To view a file:
+
+`gs -dQUIET -dBATCH {{file.pdf}}`
+
+- Reduce PDF file size to 150 dpi images for reading on a ebook device:
+
+`gs -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/ebook -sOutputFile={{output.pdf}} {{input.pdf}}`
+
+- Convert PDF file (pages 1 through 3) to an image with 150 dpi resolution:
+
+`gs -dQUIET -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=jpeg -r150 -dFirstPage={{1}} -dLastPage={{3}} -sOutputFile={{output_%d.jpg}} {{input.pdf}}`
+
+- Extract pages from a PDF file:
+
+`gs -dQUIET -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile={{output.pdf}} {{input.pdf}}`
+
+- Merge PDF files:
+
+`gs -dQUIET -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile={{output.pdf}} {{input1.pdf}} {{input2.pdf}}`
+
+- Convert from PostScript file to PDF file:
+
+`gs -dQUIET -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile={{output.pdf}} {{input.ps}}`

pages.cn/linux/guix-package.md

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+# guix package
+
+> Install, upgrade and remove Guix packages, or rollback to previous configurations.
+
+- Install a new package:
+
+`guix package -i {{package_name}}`
+
+- Remove a package:
+
+`guix package -r {{package_name}}`
+
+- Search the package database for a regular expression:
+
+`guix package -s "{{search_pattern}}"`
+
+- List installed packages:
+
+`guix package -I`
+
+- List generations:
+
+`guix package -l`
+
+- Roll back to the previous generation:
+
+`guix package --roll-back`

pages.cn/linux/gunicorn.md

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+# gunicorn
+
+> Python WSGI HTTP Server.
+
+- Run Python web app:
+
+`gunicorn {{import.path:app_object}}`
+
+- Listen on port 8080 on localhost:
+
+`gunicorn --bind {{localhost}}:{{8080}} {{import.path:app_object}}`
+
+- Turn on live reload:
+
+`gunicorn --reload {{import.path:app_object}}`
+
+- Use 4 worker processes for handling requests:
+
+`gunicorn --workers {{4}} {{import.path:app_object}}`
+
+- Use 4 worker threads for handling requests:
+
+`gunicorn --threads {{4}} {{import.path:app_object}}`
+
+- Run app over HTTPS:
+
+`gunicorn --certfile {{cert.pem}} --keyfile {{key.pem}} {{import.path:app_object}}`

pages.cn/linux/halt.md

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+# halt
+
+> Power off or reboot the machine.
+
+- Power the machine off:
+
+`halt`
+
+- Reboot the machine:
+
+`halt --reboot`

pages.cn/linux/hardinfo.md

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+# hardinfo
+
+> Show hardware information in GUI window.
+
+- Start hardinfo:
+
+`hardinfo`
+
+- Print report to standard output:
+
+`hardinfo -r`
+
+- Save report to HTML file:
+
+`hardinfo -r -f html > hardinfo.html`

pages.cn/linux/hexdump.md

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+# hexdump
+
+> An ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump.
+
+- Print the hexadecimal representation of a file:
+
+`hexdump {{file}}`
+
+- Display the input offset in hexadecimal and its ASCII representation in two columns:
+
+`hexdump -C {{file}}`
+
+- Display the hexadecimal representation of a file, but interpret only n bytes of the input:
+
+`hexdump -C -n{{number_of_bytes}} {{file}}`

pages.cn/linux/hostname.md

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+# hostname
+
+> Show or set the system's host name.
+
+- Show current host name:
+
+`hostname`
+
+- Show the network address of the host name:
+
+`hostname -i`
+
+- Show all network addresses of the host:
+
+`hostname -I`
+
+- Show the FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name):
+
+`hostname --fqdn`
+
+- Set current host name:
+
+`hostname {{new_hostname}}`

pages.cn/linux/hostnamectl.md

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+# hostnamectl
+
+> Get or set the hostname of the computer.
+
+- Get the hostname of the computer:
+
+`hostnamectl`
+
+- Set the hostname of the computer:
+
+`sudo hostnamectl set-hostname "{{some_hostname}}"`

pages.cn/linux/htop.md

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+# htop
+
+> Display dynamic real-time information about running processes.  An enhanced version of `top`.
+
+- Start htop:
+
+`htop`
+
+- Start htop displaying only processes owned by given user:
+
+`htop -u {{user_name}}`
+
+- Get help about interactive commands:
+
+`?`

pages.cn/linux/http-prompt.md

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+# http-prompt
+
+> An interactive command-line HTTP client featuring autocomplete and syntax highlighting.
+
+- Launch a session targeting the default url of http://localhost:8000 or the previous session:
+
+`http-prompt`
+
+- Launch a session with a given url:
+
+`http-prompt {{http://example.com}}`
+
+- Launch a session with some initial options:
+
+`http-prompt {{localhost:8000/api}} --auth {{username:password}}`

pages.cn/linux/httpie.md

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+# httpie
+
+> A user friendly command line HTTP tool.
+
+- Send a GET request (default method with no request data):
+
+`http {{https://example.com}}`
+
+- Send a POST request (default method with request data):
+
+`http {{https://example.com}} {{hello=World}}`
+
+- Send a POST request with redirected input:
+
+`http {{https://example.com}} < {{file.json}}`
+
+- Send a PUT request with a given json body:
+
+`http PUT {{https://example.com/todos/7}} {{hello=world}}`
+
+- Send a DELETE request with a given request header:
+
+`http DELETE {{https://example.com/todos/7}} {{API-Key:foo}}`
+
+- Show the whole HTTP exchange (both request and response):
+
+`http -v {{https://example.com}}`
+
+- Download a file:
+
+`http --download {{https://example.com}}`