clang, clang++, gcc, g++: standardize English page and Indonesian translation (#13751)

* clang, clang++, gcc, g++: standardize English page and add Indonesian translation

This commit adds the short and long-form parameters, enforce imperative mood, and standardizes the contents between `clang` and `gcc` as well as `clang++` and `g++`.

* clang++: Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Sebastiaan Speck <12570668+sebastiaanspeck@users.noreply.github.com>

* clang++: fix URL

* clang, clang++, gcc, g++: fix translation inconsistencies

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Sebastiaan Speck <12570668+sebastiaanspeck@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update pages/common/gcc.md

* Update pages.id/common/clang++.md

* Update pages.id/common/clang++.md

* clang++, g++: fix file extension

---------

Co-authored-by: Sebastiaan Speck <12570668+sebastiaanspeck@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Sebastiaan Speck <shem.speck@gmail.com>

pages/common/clang.md

@@ -1,28 +1,37 @@
 # clang
 
-> Compiler for C, C++, and Objective-C source files. Can be used as a drop-in replacement for GCC.
+> Compile C, C++, and Objective-C source files. Can be used as a drop-in replacement for GCC.
+> Part of LLVM.
 > More information: <https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangCommandLineReference.html>.
 
-- Compile a source code file into an executable binary:
+- Compile multiple source files into an executable:
 
-`clang {{input_source.c}} -o {{output_executable}}`
+`clang {{path/to/source1.c path/to/source2.c ...}} {{-o|--output}} {{path/to/output_executable}}`
 
 - Activate output of all errors and warnings:
 
-`clang {{input_source.c}} -Wall -o {{output_executable}}`
+`clang {{path/to/source.c}} -Wall {{-o|--output}} {{output_executable}}`
 
-- Include libraries located at a different path than the source file:
+- Show common warnings, debug symbols in output, and optimize without affecting debugging:
 
-`clang {{input_source.c}} -o {{output_executable}} -I{{header_path}} -L{{library_path}} -l{{library_name}}`
+`clang {{path/to/source.c}} -Wall {{-g|--debug}} -Og {{-o|--output}} {{path/to/output_executable}}`
+
+- Include libraries from a different path:
+
+`clang {{path/to/source.c}} {{-o|--output}} {{path/to/output_executable}} -I{{path/to/header}} -L{{path/to/library}} -l{{library_name}}`
 
 - Compile source code into LLVM Intermediate Representation (IR):
 
-`clang -S -emit-llvm {{file.c}} -o {{file.ll}}`
+`clang {{-S|--assemble}} -emit-llvm {{path/to/source.c}} {{-o|--output}} {{path/to/output.ll}}`
 
-- Compile source code without linking:
+- Compile source code into an object file without linking:
 
-`clang -c {{input_source.c}}`
+`clang {{-c|--compile}} {{path/to/source.c}}`
 
 - Optimize the compiled program for performance:
 
-`clang {{path/to/source.c}} -O{{1|2|3|fast}}`
+`clang {{path/to/source.c}} -O{{1|2|3|fast}} {{-o|--output}} {{path/to/output_executable}}`
+
+- Display version:
+
+`clang --version`