# Owlen TUI UX & Keybinding Playbook

*Last updated: October 25, 2025*

This playbook documents the design principles, modal ergonomics, command
metadata, theming tokens, and animation policy that guide Owlen’s terminal UI.
Use it both as a contributor reference and as a migration guide when extending
custom keymaps or UI affordances.

---

## 1. Modal Philosophy

Owlen embraces a Vim-inspired modal workflow with discoverability helpers
layered on top.

| Mode            | Entry                                   | Primary Purpose                                                     | Escape |
|-----------------|------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
| **Normal**      | `Esc`, `Ctrl+[`, application start       | Navigation, pane switching, command prefixes, leader chords         | `i`, `:`, `?`, `F1` |
| **Editing**     | `i`, `a`, `Enter` in Normal              | Compose prompt, multi-line editing, history cycling (`Ctrl+↑/↓`)     | `Esc` |
| **Visual**      | `v` in Normal                            | Region selection across chat, thinking, and input panes              | `Esc`, `v` |
| **Command**     | `:`                                     | Run palette commands (`:session save`, `:mode code`, `:limits`)      | `Esc`, `Enter` |
| **Help**        | `F1`, `?`                                | Cheat sheet tabs, onboarding tour                                   | `Esc`, `F1` |
| **Browsers**    | `:sessions`, `:themes`, repo search keys | Context-specific pickers with shared navigation primitives           | `Esc` |

Modal transitions fire `AppEvent::Composer::ModeChanged`, enabling keymap
state to reset cleanly (see `ChatApp::set_input_mode`). Maintain this flow
when adding new modes to avoid orphaned key sequences.

### Focus Shortcuts

- `Ctrl+1…5` focus Files, Chat, Code, Thinking, Input (mirrors leader chords).
- `Tab` / `Shift+Tab` cycle panes; `g t` toggles Files visibility in Vim keymap.
- `Ctrl+Alt+5` (Vim) / `Alt+5` (Emacs) jump back to the input editor.

Keep focus hops single-chord and mnemonic. Prefer documenting any new shortcut
in the cheat sheet (`render_guidance_cheatsheet`) and the status HUD hints.

---

## 2. Keybinding Design & Migration

### Built-in Profiles

- **Vim** (default): stored in [`crates/owlen-tui/keymap.toml`](../crates/owlen-tui/keymap.toml).
- **Emacs**: stored in [`crates/owlen-tui/keymap_emacs.toml`](../crates/owlen-tui/keymap_emacs.toml).

Switch at runtime via `:keymap vim|emacs`; persist with
`ui.keymap_profile = "vim"` or `"emacs"` in `config.toml`.

### Custom Keymaps

Set `ui.keymap_path = "/absolute/path/to/keymap.toml"` to override the built-in
profiles. The schema matches the shipped TOML files:

```toml
[[bindings]]
mode = "normal"
sequence = ["g", "t"]
command = "workspace.toggle_files"
```

**Migration notes (v0.2+)**

1. **Multi-step sequences**: All keymaps now support arbitrary-length
   sequences (`Ctrl+W`, `w`, `Ctrl+K`, `←`). Update custom maps to the trie
   syntax if you previously shadowed hard-coded Rust handlers.
2. **Leader remapping**: `ui.keymap_leader` defaults to space. Custom profiles
   should mirror the new leader sections so the cheat sheet can surface
   alternate hints (`binding_pair_string`).
3. **Discoverability hooks**: Register new commands in
   `commands::catalog()` with category, summary, tags, and optional
   `preview` callback. The command palette relies on this metadata for fuzzy
   search and tag filtering.
4. **Help overlay**: If you introduce new focus or layout commands, add them to
   `build_cheatsheet_sections` so onboarding and help stay in sync.

Run `cargo test -p owlen-tui --test chat_snapshots` after keymap changes to
refresh guidance snapshots.

---

## 3. Command Metadata Schema

Located in [`crates/owlen-tui/src/commands/catalog.rs`](../crates/owlen-tui/src/commands/catalog.rs),
each command descriptor should populate:

- `category`: High-level grouping shown in the palette (`navigation`, `session`, `provider`).
- `keywords`: Fuzzy aliases; include verbs (open, focus), nouns (chat, files), and tags (`#agent`).
- `key_hint`: Optional string rendered in previews (e.g., `Ctrl+Shift+F`).
- `modes`: Restrict availability by `InputMode` when needed (e.g., editing-only commands).
- `preview`: Use for sidecar previews (`commands::Preview`), returning lines that explain impact.

When adding new commands:

1. Define the handler in `commands::handlers`.
2. Register metadata in `catalog()` and supply tests in
   `crates/owlen-tui/tests/state_tests.rs` or palette-specific snapshots.
3. Update the cheat sheet if the command introduces a new focus or mode affordance.

---

## 4. Theming & Layer Tokens

Themes live in `owlen_core::theme`. The TUI applies a glass/neon layer via
`GlassPalette::for_theme_with_mode` using `config.ui.layers`:

| Setting                  | Default | Description                                              |
|--------------------------|---------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| `shadow_elevation`       | `2`     | Depth of drop shadow around the chat stage.              |
| `glass_tint`             | `0.82`  | Opacity mix between base theme background and frosted layer. |
| `neon_intensity`         | `60`    | Percentage controlling accent saturation.                |
| `focus_ring`             | `true`  | Draws neon outlines around the active stage container.   |

**Best practices**

- Keep contrasts AA+; avoid low-alpha custom tints when `accessibility_high_contrast = true`.
- Re-render custom palettes through the snapshot suite to catch regression diffs.

---

## 5. Animation Policy

Controlled by `config.ui.animations`:

| Field              | Effect                                           | Range      |
|--------------------|--------------------------------------------------|------------|
| `micro`            | Enables pane glow, gauge easing, mode flash.     | `true/false` |
| `gauge_smoothing`  | Exponential smoothing factor for usage gauges.   | `0.05–1.0` |
| `pane_decay`       | Decay applied to pulse effects on pane switches. | `0.2–0.95` |

Accessibility flags (`ui.accessibility.high_contrast`, `ui.accessibility.reduced_chrome`) automatically disable micro animations. When adding new animations:

1. Guard with `ChatApp::micro_animations_enabled()`.
2. Provide non-animated fallbacks (e.g., direct gauge `snap`).
3. Update documentation and consider adding snapshot coverage under both
   animated and non-animated configurations.

---

## 6. Status Surface & Toasts

The status HUD (`render_status`) now renders three columns:

1. **Left**: Mode/operating badges, focus hints, agent state, help shortcuts.
2. **Center**: Primary status message with auto-leveled badge (info/success/warning/error) and contextual usage gauges.
3. **Right**: Repository/path summary, provider & model badge, streaming hints, and toast history.

Toast enhancements:

- Icons per severity (`ⓘ`, `✔`, `⚠`, `✖`).
- Optional keyboard hints via `push_toast_with_hint`.
- Progress bar countdown plus remaining seconds.
- Persistent history (20 entries) exposed to the HUD for quick recall.

**Guidelines**

- Provide actionable hints (e.g., `"F12 · Debug log"`, `":limits"`).
- Reserve `ToastLevel::Error` for recoverable issues the user must address.
- Use status primary line for the most recent action; employ `system_status`
  for secondary context.

---

## 7. Contributor Checklist

When modifying TUI UX or keybindings:

1. Update this playbook if the change affects modal ergonomics, theming tokens,
   animation policy, or keymap conventions.
2. Extend the cheat sheet / onboarding overlays for new focus or command
   shortcuts.
3. Refresh snapshots: `INSTA_UPDATE=always cargo test -p owlen-tui --test chat_snapshots`.
4. Run `cargo clippy -p owlen-tui -- -D warnings` and the `owlen-tui` test suite.
5. Document user-facing changes in `CHANGELOG.md`.

Keeping these steps in sync ensures Owlen’s keyboard-first UX remains
predictable, accessible, and discoverable.